arXiv:2410.21421v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: We study stationary clouds of a gauged, complex scalar field on a magnetically (and possibly electrically as well) charged Kerr-Newman black hole (BH). The existence of a magnetic charge $Q_m$ promotes a north-south $textit{asymmetry}$ of the scalar clouds. This breakdown of the clouds’ $mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry carries through to the spacetime $textit{geometry}$ for the non-linear continuation of the clouds: a family of magnetically charged (or dyonic) BHs with synchronized gauged scalar hair, which we construct. Their distinct phenomenology is illustrated by their imaging, exhibiting skewed shadows and lensing. Such hairy BHs could, in principle, result from the superradiant instability of magnetically charged Kerr-Newman BHs, unveiling a dynamical mechanism for creating north-south asymmetric BHs from standard $mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric electrovacuum BHs.
Studying the Existence of Stationary Clouds on Charged Kerr-Newman Black Holes
In this study, we examine the properties of stationary clouds of a gauged, complex scalar field on a magnetically charged Kerr-Newman black hole (BH). The presence of a magnetic charge leads to an asymmetry in the scalar clouds, breaking their inherent $mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry.
Implications on Spacetime Geometry
This asymmetry in the clouds has a direct influence on the spacetime geometry when the clouds are extended non-linearly. We observe the creation of a family of magnetically charged (or dyonic) BHs with synchronized gauged scalar hair. These new BHs exhibit distinct phenomenology compared to the standard electrovacuum BHs.
Phenomenology of Hairy Black Holes
The distinct features of these hairy BHs are visually manifested in their imaging. They display skewed shadows and lensing effects that differ from those of the standard BHs. This indicates that the introduction of synchronized gauged scalar hair on magnetically charged BHs can alter the observable properties of these celestial objects.
Potential Origin of Asymmetric Black Holes
This study suggests that these hairy BHs could potentially result from the superradiant instability of magnetically charged Kerr-Newman BHs. This proposes a dynamical mechanism through which standard $mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric electrovacuum BHs can evolve into north-south asymmetric BHs.
Roadmap for Future Research
- Investigation of the stability and long-term evolution of the magnetically charged BHs with synchronized gauged scalar hair.
- Exploration of the possible observational signatures of these hairy BHs in astrophysical settings.
- Further theoretical analysis to understand the underlying mechanisms causing the asymmetry in the scalar clouds and its impact on the spacetime geometry.
- Investigation of other types of charges (such as electrical) and their effects on the scalar clouds and resulting BHs.
- Experimental simulation or observation of these hairy BHs to confirm their existence and validate the theoretical predictions.
Challenges and Opportunities
While this study opens up exciting avenues for research, several challenges and opportunities lie ahead:
- Challenges:
- The stability and long-term behavior of these magnetically charged BHs with gauged scalar hair need to be thoroughly examined.
- Identifying observational signatures of these hairy BHs in real astrophysical systems may be challenging due to their unique phenomenology.
- Opportunities:
- Understanding the mechanism behind the north-south asymmetry in the scalar clouds could provide profound insights into the nature of BHs and their formation.
- Experimental detection or simulation of these hairy BHs would provide concrete evidence for the existence of such objects and validate theoretical predictions.
This study uncovers the potential for the existence of north-south asymmetric black holes, resulting from the introduction of synchronized gauged scalar hair on magnetically charged Kerr-Newman black holes. Further research is required to explore the stability, observational signatures, and underlying mechanisms of these hairy black holes.