arXiv:2411.17704v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Data visualizations are inherently rhetorical, and therefore bias-laden visual artifacts that contain both explicit and implicit arguments. The implicit arguments depicted in data visualizations are the net result of many seemingly minor decisions about data and design from inception of a research project through to final publication of the visualization. Data workflow, selected visualization formats, and individual design decisions made within those formats all frame and direct the possible range of interpretation, and the potential for harm of any data visualization. Considering this, it is imperative that we take an ethical approach to the creation and use of data visualizations. Therefore, we have suggested an ethical data visualization workflow with the dual aim of minimizing harm to the subjects of our study and the audiences viewing our visualization, while also maximizing the explanatory capacity and effectiveness of the visualization itself. To explain this ethical data visualization workflow, we examine two recent digital mapping projects, Racial Terror Lynchings and Map of White Supremacy Mob Violence.
The Rhetoric and Ethics of Data Visualizations
Data visualizations play a crucial role in conveying information and insights in various fields, including multimedia information systems, animations, artificial reality, augmented reality, and virtual realities. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition that these visual artifacts are not just neutral representations of data but are inherently biased and persuasive in nature.
In their insightful article, the authors highlight the implicit arguments embedded within data visualizations. They suggest that every decision made, from data selection to design choices, shapes the range of interpretations and potential harms that may arise from the visualization. In this context, an ethical approach becomes imperative to minimize harm to both the subjects of study and the audiences viewing the visualizations.
An Ethical Data Visualization Workflow
The authors propose an ethical data visualization workflow that aims to balance the explanatory capacity and effectiveness of the visualization while minimizing harm. This workflow involves thoughtful consideration of every stage of the visualization process, ensuring transparency, fairness, and accuracy in the presentation of the data.
- Data Workflow: The authors emphasize the importance of careful data curation and selection. This involves critically assessing the sources, biases, and limitations of the data, as well as considering potential harm to individuals or communities represented in the visualization.
- Visualization Formats: Choosing the appropriate visualization format is crucial for effective communication. The authors suggest considering the context, audience, and goals of the visualization, while also acknowledging the potential consequences of different formats on interpretation and perception.
- Design Decisions: Design choices within the selected visualization format play a significant role in shaping the narrative and potential biases in the visualization. The authors recommend a critical examination of design elements such as color, scale, and labeling to ensure accuracy, fairness, and empathy.
Case Studies: Racial Terror Lynchings and Map of White Supremacy Mob Violence
To illustrate the application of the proposed ethical data visualization workflow, the authors examine two recent digital mapping projects: Racial Terror Lynchings and Map of White Supremacy Mob Violence. These case studies shed light on how ethical considerations can influence the design and presentation of data visualizations related to sensitive topics.
Multidisciplinarity is a key aspect of this article as it integrates concepts and insights from various fields. The authors draw upon principles of rhetoric, ethics, information systems, and visualization design to formulate the ethical data visualization workflow. This interdisciplinary approach is essential in understanding the complex nature of data visualizations and addressing the ethical challenges they present.
In the wider field of multimedia information systems, animations, artificial reality, augmented reality, and virtual realities, the concept of ethical data visualization has significant implications. As these technologies continue to evolve, data visualizations become more immersive, interactive, and influential. This underscores the need for ethical considerations that go beyond surface-level design choices and delve into the underlying implications and potential harm caused by these visualizations.
By emphasizing the ethical dimensions of data visualizations, this article serves as a valuable resource for practitioners, researchers, and designers in the multimedia field. It prompts critical reflection on the biases, power dynamics, and responsibility associated with creating and using data visualizations, ultimately aiming to foster more accountable and impactful visual representations.
“Data visualizations are powerful tools that can shape our understanding of the world. By approaching their creation and use through an ethical lens, we can strive to create visualizations that not only inform but also respect the subjects they represent and engage with.”