arXiv:2504.20120v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: The formation of solitons (such as closed domain walls) in the super-Early Universe is predicted in a number of theories of the formation of primordial black holes. However, the interaction of particles of the surrounding medium with the solitons should affect their dynamics. In the paper, we consider the interaction between domain walls and scalar particles which can play a role of dark matter. It is shown that when the temperature of the scalar particle gas, caused by the expansion of the Universe, decreases below a certain threshold value, the wall abruptly becomes opaque and locks particles inside itself. We discuss the dynamics of a single domain wall taking into account pressure of scalar particles locked inside a closed wall. It is shown, this effect leads to a time delay of domain wall collapse and the deferred formation of primordial black holes.
The Formation of Solitons in the Super-Early Universe
The formation of solitons, such as closed domain walls, in the super-Early Universe is predicted in theories of primordial black hole formation. However, the dynamics of these solitons can be affected by the interaction with surrounding particles in the medium. In this paper, we specifically investigate the interaction between domain walls and scalar particles, which may have properties similar to dark matter.
It is revealed that as the temperature of the scalar particle gas decreases due to the expansion of the Universe, the domain wall reaches a critical threshold and becomes opaque. Consequently, particles become locked inside the wall. This study delves into the implications of this effect on the dynamics of a single domain wall, considering the pressure exerted by the scalar particles trapped within the closed wall.
Remarkably, this phenomenon leads to a time delay in the collapse of the domain wall and subsequently influences the formation of primordial black holes. By investigating the dynamics of solitons in the super-Early Universe, this research provides valuable insights into the early stages of cosmic evolution.
Roadmap for the Future
- Further Experimental Verification: To confirm the theoretical predictions presented in this study, further experimental verification is needed. Future experiments focusing on the interaction of domain walls with scalar particles or other forms of dark matter could provide crucial insights.
- Refinement of Models: As additional data and observations become available, it will be necessary to refine existing models to account for any discrepancies or new discoveries. This could involve incorporating more complex interactions or considering alternative explanations for the dynamics of solitons.
- Exploration of Cosmological Implications: The deferred formation of primordial black holes, resulting from the dynamics of domain walls, has potential cosmological implications. Future research should explore these implications in more detail, such as their impact on the overall evolution of the Universe and the distribution of matter.
- Integration with Existing Frameworks: Integrating the findings of this study with existing frameworks, such as inflationary models or theories of dark matter, could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the early Universe. This will require collaborative efforts across different branches of astrophysics and cosmology.
- Technological Advancements: Advancements in technology, such as more sensitive detectors or improved observational techniques, will be crucial for studying the dynamics of solitons in the super-Early Universe. Continued technological progress can open new avenues for exploration and provide more accurate data for refinement and verification.
Challenges and Opportunities on the Horizon
Challenges:
- Experimental confirmation of the predicted interaction between domain walls and scalar particles may pose challenges due to the complex nature of these phenomena.
- Refining models to account for new observations and data can be challenging, requiring the incorporation of additional variables or complex interactions.
- Exploring the cosmological implications of deferred primordial black hole formation necessitates comprehensive modeling and analysis.
- Integrating findings with existing frameworks may require overcoming existing discrepancies or modifying established theories.
Opportunities:
- Further experimental verification could provide crucial insights into the properties and dynamics of solitons in the super-Early Universe.
- Refining models can lead to more accurate predictions and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of primordial black holes.
- Exploring cosmological implications can shed light on the broader evolution of the Universe and the distribution of matter.
- Integration with existing frameworks can contribute to a unified theory of cosmic evolution and help reconcile different branches of astrophysics and cosmology.
- Advancements in technology can enhance observational capabilities, enabling more precise measurements and opening up new possibilities for exploration.
This research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of solitons in the super-Early Universe, highlighting the intricate relationship between domain walls and scalar particles. By understanding the deferred formation of primordial black holes, we can deepen our comprehension of the early stages of cosmic evolution. However, further experimentation, refinement of models, and integration with existing frameworks, accompanied by technological advancements, will be necessary to tackle the challenges and harness the opportunities presented by this research.