arXiv:2504.16936v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have recently achieved great success in processing and understanding information from diverse modalities (e.g., text, audio, and visual signals). Despite their growing popularity, there remains a lack of comprehensive evaluation measuring the audio-visual capabilities of these models, especially in diverse scenarios (e.g., distribution shifts and adversarial attacks). In this paper, we present a multifaceted evaluation of the audio-visual capability of MLLMs, focusing on four key dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, generalizability, and robustness. Through extensive experiments, we find that MLLMs exhibit strong zero-shot and few-shot generalization abilities, enabling them to achieve great performance with limited data. However, their success relies heavily on the vision modality, which impairs performance when visual input is corrupted or missing. Additionally, while MLLMs are susceptible to adversarial samples, they demonstrate greater robustness compared to traditional models. The experimental results and our findings provide insights into the audio-visual capabilities of MLLMs, highlighting areas for improvement and offering guidance for future research.
Expert Commentary: Evaluating the Audio-Visual Capabilities of Multi-Modal Large Language Models
In recent years, multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have gained significant attention and achieved remarkable success in processing and understanding information from various modalities such as text, audio, and visual signals. However, despite their widespread use, there has been a lack of comprehensive evaluation measuring the audio-visual capabilities of these models across diverse scenarios.
This paper fills this knowledge gap by presenting a multifaceted evaluation of MLLMs’ audio-visual capabilities, focusing on four key dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, generalizability, and robustness. These dimensions encompass different aspects that are crucial for assessing the overall performance and potential limitations of MLLMs in processing audio-visual data.
Effectiveness refers to how well MLLMs can accurately process and understand audio-visual information. The experiments conducted in this study reveal that MLLMs demonstrate strong zero-shot and few-shot generalization abilities. This means that even with limited data or completely new examples, they can still achieve impressive performance. This finding highlights the potential of MLLMs in handling tasks that require quick adaptation to new scenarios or concepts, making them highly flexible and versatile.
Efficiency is another important aspect evaluated in the study. Although MLLMs excel in effectiveness, their computational efficiency needs attention. Given their large size and complexity, MLLMs tend to be computationally intensive, which can pose challenges in real-time applications or systems with limited computational resources. Further research and optimization techniques are required to enhance their efficiency without sacrificing performance.
Generalizability is a critical factor in assessing the practical usability of MLLMs. The results indicate that MLLMs heavily rely on the vision modality, and their performance suffers when visual input is corrupted or missing. This limitation implies that MLLMs may not be suitable for tasks where visual information is unreliable or incomplete, such as in scenarios with noisy or degraded visual signals. Addressing this issue is crucial to improve the robustness and generalizability of MLLMs across diverse real-world situations.
Lastly, the study explores the robustness of MLLMs against adversarial attacks. Adversarial attacks attempt to deceive or mislead the model by introducing subtly crafted perturbations to the input data. While MLLMs are not immune to these attacks, they exhibit greater robustness compared to traditional models. This finding suggests that MLLMs have inherent built-in defenses against adversarial attacks, which opens up possibilities for leveraging their robustness and security features.
From a broader perspective, this research is highly relevant to the field of multimedia information systems, animations, artificial reality, augmented reality, and virtual realities. The evaluation of MLLMs’ audio-visual capabilities contributes to our understanding of how these models can be effectively utilized in multimedia processing, including tasks like video captioning, content understanding, and interactive virtual environments. The findings also shed light on the interdisciplinary nature of MLLMs, as they demonstrate the fusion and interplay of language understanding, computer vision, and audio processing.
In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the audio-visual capabilities of multi-modal large language models. The findings offer valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of these models, paving the way for future improvements and guiding further research towards enhancing the effectiveness, efficiency, generalizability, and robustness of MLLMs in processing and understanding multi-modal information.
arXiv:2504.16949v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: By resolving the Riemann curvature into electric and magnetic parts, Einstein’s equation can accordingly be written in terms of electric (active and passive) and magnetic parts. The electrogravity duality is defined by the interchange of active and passive parts. It turns out that in static and stationary spacetime, there is a subset of the equations (that identifies the effective vacuum equation) is sufficient to yield the vacuum solution. The electrogravity dual of the effective equation gives rise to a black hole with a global monopole charge. We shall therefore obtain black holes with global monopole charge as solutions of the dual equation.
After examining the text, it can be concluded that the author presents a method to resolve the Riemann curvature into electric and magnetic parts, which allows for Einstein’s equation to be written in terms of these parts. The electrogravity duality, defined by the interchange of active and passive parts, is introduced as well. The author’s main finding is that in static and stationary spacetime, a subset of equations, known as the effective vacuum equation, is sufficient to yield the vacuum solution. Furthermore, the electrogravity dual of the effective equation leads to the existence of black holes with a global monopole charge as solutions of the dual equation.
Future Roadmap
Potential Challenges
The proposed method of resolving the Riemann curvature into electric and magnetic parts may face challenges in terms of mathematical complexity and computational implementation.
It is important to verify the accuracy and validity of the conclusions by conducting further research and experimental observations.
The identification and measurement of global monopole charges in black holes may pose challenges in terms of detection and data analysis.
Potential Opportunities
Further exploration of the electrogravity duality concept could lead to deeper insights into the fundamental nature of spacetime and its interactions with electromagnetism.
The discovery of black holes with global monopole charge as solutions of the dual equation opens up new possibilities for studying their properties and potential applications in astrophysics.
This research could contribute to the development of more accurate models and equations in the field of general relativity, enhancing our understanding of the universe.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the article offers a new approach to understanding Einstein’s equation by resolving the Riemann curvature into electric and magnetic parts. The electrogravity duality concept is introduced, and it is shown that a subset of equations, known as the effective vacuum equation, can yield the vacuum solution in static and stationary spacetime. Black holes with global monopole charge are discovered as solutions of the electrogravity dual of the effective equation. While there may be challenges in terms of complexity and verification, this research presents opportunities for further exploration of the fundamental nature of spacetime and the properties of black holes.
Exploring the Potential Future Trends in Distant Worlds Orbiting Binary Stars
Introduction:
Over the years, astronomers have made tremendous progress in uncovering the mysteries of distant worlds beyond our solar system. These exoplanets, or planets orbiting other stars, have provided invaluable insights into the diversity and abundance of planetary systems in our universe. However, even among these fascinating discoveries, a particular class of exoplanets orbiting binary stars has captured the attention of scientists and enthusiasts alike. In this article, we will delve into the key points of a recent publication that highlights the existence of a distant world orbiting two small, cool bodies called brown dwarfs. We will analyze the implications of this discovery and discuss potential future trends in exoplanet research related to binary star systems.
Key Points of the Publication:
The publication, titled “Like the Star Wars planet, a distant world follows a path around two stars, both of them small, cool bodies called brown dwarfs,” explores the remarkable discovery of a planet-like object orbiting two brown dwarfs. Brown dwarfs are celestial bodies that are larger than planets but smaller than stars, often dubbed as “failed stars.” This stellar system, resembling the fictional planet Tatooine from Star Wars, opens up new possibilities in our understanding of planetary formation and dynamics.
The key points of this publication can be summarized as follows:
A distant world has been observed to orbit two small, cool bodies known as brown dwarfs.
Brown dwarfs are intermediate objects between planets and stars, and this discovery showcases their role in hosting planetary systems.
The presence of a planet-like object in a binary star system challenges our previous assumptions about habitability and the potential for life in such environments.
This discovery prompts further investigations into the formation and stability of exoplanets within binary star systems.
Understanding the orbital dynamics and atmospheric conditions of this distant world will provide crucial insights into the broader context of planetary systems.
Potential Future Trends and Predictions:
The recent discovery of a planet-like object orbiting two brown dwarfs ignites our curiosity about the potential future trends in exoplanet research. Here are some predictions and recommendations for the industry:
Increased Focus on Binary Star Systems: This extraordinary finding will undoubtedly lead to an intensified focus on studying exoplanets within binary star systems. Researchers will dedicate more resources to observe, analyze, and model these complex systems in order to unravel the mysteries of planetary formation and stability in such environments.
Advancements in Atmospheric Characterization: Studying the atmospheric composition and properties of exoplanets in binary star systems will become a thriving field of research. Scientists will develop new techniques and instruments to analyze the unique interactions between multiple stellar sources and the planet’s atmosphere, paving the way for a deeper understanding of atmospheric dynamics in diverse planetary systems.
Potential Habitability of Binary Star Systems: The discovery of a planet-like object orbiting two brown dwarfs challenges the conventional notion of habitability. Future studies will investigate the potential habitable zones and conditions within binary star systems, considering the complex gravitational interactions and radiation environments. These investigations may uncover unexpected possibilities for life-bearing exoplanets that were previously overlooked.
Integration of Surveys and Data Analysis: To maximize the efficiency and comprehensiveness of exoplanet surveys, future research initiatives will employ advanced data analysis techniques, machine learning algorithms, and collaborative efforts across various observatories and space agencies. This integration will enable astronomers to identify and characterize a greater number of exoplanets, including those within binary star systems.
Conclusion:
The discovery of a distant world orbiting two brown dwarfs has opened up a new chapter in our exploration of exoplanets and their diversity. It challenges our preconceived notions about planetary formation and the potential for habitability within binary star systems. The scientific community should seize this opportunity to embark on innovative research avenues, such as studying atmospheric dynamics, understanding circumstellar architectures, and unraveling the complex interplay among multiple stellar sources and exoplanetary systems. By embracing collaborative efforts, investing in advanced technologies, and pushing the boundaries of our knowledge, we can inch closer to answering fundamental questions about our place in the universe.
References:
Nature, Published online: 25 April 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-01272-z
– The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has launched a grant program for the design and creation of statues for President Trump’s National Garden of American Heroes.
– The sculpture garden is a priority for the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence and will feature life-size statues of 250 individuals who contributed to America’s cultural, scientific, economic, and political heritage.
– The garden’s location is yet to be determined, but it is intended to be a public space where Americans can gather to honor and learn about American heroes.
– Interested applicants, who must be US citizens, can submit a two-dimensional or three-dimensional graphic representation of up to three statues of selected individuals, accompanied by a project description and work plan.
– The application deadline is July 1.
– The list of figures to be depicted includes historical figures like George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Sacagawea, Alexander Graham Bell, the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and the Wright brothers, as well as figures like Kobe Bryant, Julia Child, Alex Trebek, and Hannah Arendt.
– Selected artists will receive awards of up to 0,000 per statue, and the statues must be made of marble, granite, bronze, copper, or brass.
– The sculptures should be depicted in a realistic manner, with no modernist or abstract designs allowed.
– The NEH and the National Endowment for the Arts have jointly committed a total of million for the sculpture garden.
– The funding for the sculpture garden comes from federal grants that were initially distributed to arts and cultural groups across the United States but were later cancelled by the Trump administration.
– One of the cancelled grants was the NEH Fellowships and Awards for Faculty, worth ,000, which affected Dr. Say Burgin, an assistant professor of history at Dickinson College. Burgin had planned to use the grant for research related to American Civil Rights and Black Power movements.
– Burgin expressed disappointment with the decision to prioritize the sculpture garden over other grants and suggested that the funds could have been better used to support artists like Amos Kennedy Jr. to tell Black history in their own way.
Potential Future Trends
The establishment of President Trump’s National Garden of American Heroes and the associated grant program for statues has the potential to drive several future trends:
1. Increased Public Art Installations: The creation of the sculpture garden will likely inspire other cities and institutions to invest in public art installations. Communities may seek to honor local heroes or historical figures, both through traditional sculptures and more contemporary art mediums.
2. Controversies and Debates: The selection of figures and the restriction on artistic styles in the sculpture garden may spark controversies and debates. The inclusion or exclusion of certain individuals will undoubtedly generate discussions about American history, values, and representation.
3. Revisiting Historical Narratives: As the sculpture garden highlights the contributions of various individuals to American heritage, it may prompt a reassessment of history and encourage further investigation into lesser-known figures and events. Scholars, researchers, and artists may delve deeper into those stories that have been overlooked or marginalized.
4. Emphasis on Realism and Traditional Sculpture: The requirement for realistic statues made from traditional materials may lead to a resurgence in classical sculptural techniques and craftsmanship. Artists could embrace traditional methods and materials while still incorporating contemporary elements to create engaging and thoughtful artworks.
5. Greater Financial Support for the Arts: The commitment of million towards the sculpture garden reflects the importance placed on public art. This may encourage increased funding and support for the arts sector, both from government agencies and private donors, leading to expanded opportunities for artists and cultural organizations.
Predictions and Recommendations for the Industry
Based on the analysis of the key points and potential future trends, the following predictions and recommendations can be made for the industry:
1. Diversify Representation: In response to the controversies surrounding the selection of figures for the sculpture garden, future public art projects should strive for a more inclusive representation. Incorporating diverse voices and perspectives ensures a more comprehensive portrayal of American history, allowing for a richer recognition of the nation’s cultural mosaic.
2. Flexibility in Artistic Styles: While the sculpture garden emphasizes realism, it is crucial to recognize that different artistic styles have the power to engage viewers and convey meaning. Future projects should embrace a range of artistic expressions, encouraging artists to explore alternative approaches that convey their unique interpretations of American history and heroism.
3. Support Research and Education: Alongside funding public art projects, it is essential to allocate resources for research and education. Grants should be made available to scholars, historians, and educators to further investigate and document the histories and contributions of underrepresented groups. This would enrich the narratives surrounding American heroes and ensure a more inclusive understanding of the nation’s past.
4. Collaborate with Local Communities: Public art projects should actively involve local communities in the decision-making process. By partnering with community organizations, artists can gain valuable insights into local histories, cultures, and heroes. This collaboration ensures that the resulting artworks resonate with the people they represent and contribute to community cohesion and pride.
5. Encourage Experimental Art Forms: While the sculpture garden focuses on traditional sculptures, future projects can explore experimental and interactive art forms. Embracing new mediums such as digital installations, augmented reality, or performance art can introduce innovative ways of engaging audiences and fostering a deeper appreciation for American heroes.
By learning from the controversies and challenges associated with the National Garden of American Heroes, the arts industry can evolve and adapt to create more inclusive, thought-provoking, and impactful public art projects.
References:
1. National Endowment for the Humanities. (2021). NEH Announces Grant Program for Statues in President Trump’s National Garden of American Heroes. Retrieved from [https://www.neh.gov/news/neh-announces-grant-program-statues-president-trumps-national-garden-american-heroes](https://www.neh.gov/news/neh-announces-grant-program-statues-president-trumps-national-garden-american-heroes)
2. The New York Times. (2021). Trump Administration Unveils ‘National Heroes’ Garden. Retrieved from [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/arts/trump-national-garden-american-heroes.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/arts/trump-national-garden-american-heroes.html)
3. ARTnews. (2021). Dr. Say Burgin Among Professors Affected by Trump Statue Commission Decision. Retrieved from [https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/dr-say-burgin-among-professors-affected-by-trump-statue-commission-decision-1234585321/](https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/dr-say-burgin-among-professors-affected-by-trump-statue-commission-decision-1234585321/)
In recent years, the advancement of technology has greatly impacted various industries, and the trends that have emerged are set to shape the future of those industries. This article will delve into three key thematic areas – Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Sustainability – and explore their potential future trends, along with unique predictions and recommendations for each industry.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
AI has been a hot topic in recent years, and its potential applications are vast. One prominent trend that is expected to continue is the integration of AI into various aspects of our lives. From virtual assistants in our homes to autonomous vehicles on the roads, AI will become increasingly pervasive. In the medical field, AI has the potential to revolutionize diagnostics and treatment, enabling early disease detection and personalized therapies based on individual genetic profiles.
Prediction: AI will play a significant role in streamlining business processes across industries. Companies will increasingly adopt AI-powered automation to optimize operations and reduce costs.
Recommendation: Organizations should invest in AI research and development to stay competitive. They should prioritize data collection and infrastructure to unlock the full potential of AI applications.
Internet of Things (IoT)
The IoT refers to the interconnection of devices and objects, enabling them to gather and exchange data. This connectivity allows for efficient monitoring and control of various processes and systems. Looking to the future, the IoT is expected to witness tremendous growth, with more devices becoming “smart” and connected. Homes, cities, and industries will leverage IoT technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability.
Prediction: Smart homes equipped with IoT devices will become the norm. Consumers will embrace smart appliances, energy management systems, and security solutions to create more convenient and sustainable living environments.
Recommendation: Industries should invest in developing secure and scalable IoT infrastructure. Collaboration among industry stakeholders and regulatory bodies is crucial to ensure interoperability and data privacy.
Sustainability
Sustainability has become a prominent focus worldwide, driven by increasing environmental concerns. Businesses are recognizing the importance of incorporating sustainable practices into their operations. The future will witness a surge in sustainable technologies and initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions, conserving resources, and promoting eco-friendly practices.
Prediction: Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, will continue to gain traction. Businesses and governments will invest heavily in clean energy infrastructure to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
Recommendation: Organizations should adopt sustainable practices across their value chains. This includes implementing energy-efficient technologies, promoting recycling and waste reduction, and actively engaging in environmental conservation efforts.
Conclusion
The future trends in AI, IoT, and sustainability hold immense potential for reshaping industries. Embracing these technologies and practices will not only lead to improved efficiency and cost savings but also contribute to a more sustainable and greener future.
