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The rapid advancement of foundation models in medical imaging is a promising development that has the potential to greatly enhance diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment in healthcare. However, incorporating these models into medical practice requires careful consideration of their trustworthiness. Trustworthiness encompasses various aspects including privacy, robustness, reliability, explainability, and fairness. In order to fully assess the trustworthiness of foundation models, it is important to conduct thorough examinations and evaluations.
While there is a growing body of literature on foundation models in medical imaging, there are significant gaps in knowledge, particularly in the area of trustworthiness. Existing surveys on trustworthiness tend to overlook the specific variations and applications of foundation models within the medical imaging domain. This survey paper aims to address these gaps by reviewing current research on foundation models in major medical imaging applications such as segmentation, medical report generation, medical question and answering (Q&A), and disease diagnosis. The focus of these reviews is on papers that explicitly discuss trustworthiness.
It is important to explore the challenges associated with making foundation models trustworthy in each specific application. For example, in segmentation tasks, trustworthiness can be compromised if the model fails to accurately identify and classify the different regions of an image. Similarly, in medical report generation, errors or biases in the model’s predictions can undermine trust. Ensuring trustworthiness in medical Q&A and disease diagnosis is also crucial, as incorrect or unreliable answers can have serious consequences for patient care.
The authors of this survey paper summarize the current concerns and strategies for enhancing trustworthiness in foundation models for medical image analysis. They also highlight the future promises of these models in revolutionizing patient care. It is clear that trustworthiness is a critical factor in the successful deployment of these models in healthcare, and there is a need for a balanced approach that fosters innovation while maintaining ethical and equitable healthcare delivery. Advances in trustworthiness evaluation methods, transparency in model development, and standardized guidelines can all contribute to achieving trustworthy AI in medical image analysis.
Key Takeaways:
The deployment of foundation models in healthcare requires a rigorous examination of their trustworthiness.
Existing surveys on foundation models in medical imaging lack focus on trustworthiness and fail to address specific variations and applications.
This survey paper reviews research on foundation models in major medical imaging applications, emphasizing trustworthiness discussions.
Challenges in making foundation models trustworthy vary across applications such as segmentation, medical report generation, Q&A, and disease diagnosis.
The paper highlights current concerns, strategies, and future promises of foundation models in revolutionizing patient care.
A balanced approach is necessary to foster innovation while ensuring ethical and equitable healthcare delivery.
In conclusion, the survey paper emphasizes the importance of trustworthiness in foundation models for medical imaging. Addressing the gaps in existing literature and exploring the challenges and strategies associated with trustworthiness will contribute to the advancement of trustworthy AI in healthcare. The potential benefits of these models in improving diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment are substantial, but it is essential to prioritize the ethical and equitable delivery of healthcare in their development and deployment.
The Future of Technology and its Impact on Industries
Technology is constantly evolving, and with each passing day, we witness new advancements that shape the future of various industries. In this article, we will analyze some key points that highlight potential future trends and provide predictions and recommendations for the industry.
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML):
AI and ML have already begun transforming industries such as healthcare, finance, and manufacturing. As these technologies continue to advance, we can expect even greater automation and efficiency across various sectors. AI-powered chatbots are predicted to become more sophisticated, providing personalized customer experiences. In healthcare, AI could revolutionize diagnostics and treatment plans, improving patient outcomes.
2. Internet of Things (IoT):
The IoT is the interconnectedness of everyday objects via the internet, allowing them to collect and exchange data. The potential applications are vast, from smart homes to smart cities. In the future, we can expect an exponential growth of IoT devices, leading to increased efficiency, automation, and connectivity. For instance, self-driving vehicles and smart infrastructure could reduce traffic congestion and improve public transportation systems.
3. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR):
VR and AR technologies have already made their way into gaming and entertainment, but their potential extends far beyond these industries. In the future, VR and AR could enhance training programs for fields such as medicine, engineering, and aviation, providing realistic simulations and minimizing risks. Additionally, these technologies could revolutionize the way we shop, allowing customers to virtually try on clothes or visualize furniture in their homes before making a purchase.
4. Blockchain Technology:
Initially known for enabling cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, blockchain technology has the potential to disrupt industries beyond finance. Its decentralized and transparent nature can enhance supply chain management, improve cybersecurity, and streamline processes such as contract management. In the future, we may see widespread adoption of blockchain in sectors like healthcare, logistics, and government.
5. Renewable Energy:
With growing concerns about climate change, the future of energy lies in renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power. Technological advancements in energy storage and grid management will allow for a more reliable and widespread adoption of renewable energy systems. As the costs of renewable energy decrease, we can expect increased installations and reduced dependency on fossil fuels.
Recommendations for the Industry:
1. Embrace Change and Innovation:
To stay competitive in the ever-evolving technological landscape, industries must be open to change and innovation. Investing in research and development, fostering a culture of creativity, and staying updated with the latest trends are crucial steps for long-term success.
2. Collaboration and Partnerships:
As technology becomes more complex and interdisciplinary, collaboration among different industries becomes essential. Sharing knowledge, expertise, and resources can lead to breakthrough innovations. For example, partnerships between healthcare and technology companies can accelerate advancements in digital health solutions.
3. Upgrading Workforce Skills:
The rapid technological advancements require the workforce to acquire new skills. Companies should invest in training programs to upskill employees, ensuring they can adapt to emerging technologies and contribute to the industry’s growth. Governments and educational institutions must also play a role in promoting lifelong learning and providing relevant educational opportunities.
4. Ethical Considerations:
As technology becomes more pervasive, it is crucial to consider the ethical implications. Privacy concerns, data security, biases in AI algorithms, and the impact on employment are just a few examples. Industries should prioritize ethical practices and engage in discussions with stakeholders to develop frameworks and regulations that address these concerns.
In conclusion, the future of technology holds immense potential to revolutionize industries across the globe. By embracing AI and ML, IoT, VR and AR, blockchain technology, and renewable energy, various sectors can achieve greater efficiency, automation, and sustainability. However, this transformation requires industry-wide collaboration, workforce upskilling, and ethical considerations to ensure a positive impact on society.
References:
1. Lee, J., & Sung, T. (2020). Industry 4.0 technologies and their applications in healthcare. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8298. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228298
2. Jiang, P., Cui, Y., Lu, T., & Ping, S. (2020). Internet of Things: from sensing to business intelligence. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 16(9), 1550147720936638. doi: 10.1177/1550147720936638
3. Schneider, L., Nunes, I., da Costa, M. G., & Moraes, R. (2019). A survey on virtual reality and augmented reality: applications, recent trends and future challenges. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(1), 595-603. doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2019.0100880
4. Qu, Q., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2018). Blockchain and accounting. Journal of Information Systems, 32(2), 81-91. doi: 10.2308/isys-52152
5. Kumar, S., Sharma, S. K., & Kumar, N. (2020). Role of renewable energy in environmental pollution mitigation—A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 133, 110354. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110354
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Dear rOpenSci friends, it’s time for our monthly news roundup!
You can read this post on our blog.
Now let’s dive into the activity at and around rOpenSci!
rOpenSci HQ
Announcing New Software Peer Review Editors: Beatriz Milz and Margaret Siple
We are excited to welcome Beatriz Milz and Margaret Siple to our team of Associate Editors for rOpenSci Software Peer Review. They join Laura DeCicco, Julia Gustavsen, Anna Krystalli, Mauro Lepore, Noam Ross, Maëlle Salmon, Emily Riederer, Adam Sparks, and Jeff Hollister.
Meet Beatriz and Margaret in their introduction blog post.
Welcome on board to you both, thank you for your service!
Lluís Revilla and Henrik Bengtsson’s poster about CRAN packages archived and the cranhaven.org R-universe created to reduce the impact of that on users
Join us for social coworking & office hours monthly on first Tuesdays!
Hosted by Steffi LaZerte and various community hosts.
Everyone welcome.
No RSVP needed.
Consult our Events page to find your local time and how to join.
Plan out that package you’ve always wanted to create
Chat with our cohost about tips and tricks for making your first R package
Tuesday, September 3rd, 9:00 Australia Western (01:00 UTC), Theme TBA with cohost TBA and Steffi LaZerte.
And remember, you can always cowork independently on work related to R, work on packages that tend to be neglected, or work on what ever you need to get done!
Software
New packages
The following package recently became a part of our software suite:
osmapiR, developed by Joan Maspons: Interface to OpenStreetMap API for fetching and saving data from/to the OpenStreetMap database (https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/API_v0.6). It is available on CRAN. It has been reviewed by Jon Harmon and Carlos Cámara.
Metrics, Impact and Community Management by Yanina Bellini Saibene. Our community manager Yani, shares experiences using multi-level metrics and participation models through a community management lens to measure rOpenSci impact.
Use cases
Three use cases of our packages and resources have been reported recently.
Also refer to our help wanted page – before opening a PR, we recommend asking in the issue whether help is still needed.
Package development corner
Some useful tips for R package developers.
Last call: your opinion on the CRAN submission process!
Shared by Lluís Revilla and Heather Turner in our Slack workspace, a crucial survey ending today!
“If you have R package development experience and would like to share your thoughts on the CRAN submission process, please fill this short survey from the CRAN Cookbook project!”
The useR! 2024 conference featured quite a few talks relevant to package development, beside the talks we mentioned in the HQ section.
Not all recordings are available yet, but make sure to check out the useR! YouTube channel.
If we missed any relevant content, please get in touch so we might add missing pieces to our next newsletter!
Szymon Maksymiuk and Lorenzo Braschi presented a Deep Dive Into Industry R
Package Quality Assessment. Beside introducing the concepts, they mentioned three open-source R packages that they created: checked for running reverse dependencies checks; covtracer for contextualizing tests using covr test traces; rd2markdown for converting .Rd files into Markdown.
Franciszek Walkowiak discussed Systems Integration Tests for R Package Cohorts, including the introductions to two open-source utilities, scribe that creates complete build, check and install reports for a collection of R projects and locksmith that helps with renv.lock creation (Slides).
Fonti Kar shared her experience in creating {ohwhaley} – a ‘toy’ R package which serves as a tool for learning package development and upskilling new learners (Slides).
Henrik Bengtsson and Lluís Revilla had a poster about their CRANhaven project, a backup solution for end-users when a package falls of CRAN (and which is built using R-universe!).
Last words
Thanks for reading! If you want to get involved with rOpenSci, check out our Contributing Guide that can help direct you to the right place, whether you want to make code contributions, non-code contributions, or contribute in other ways like sharing use cases.
You can also support our work through donations.
If you haven’t subscribed to our newsletter yet, you can do so via a form. Until it’s time for our next newsletter, you can keep in touch with us via our website and Mastodon account.
The updates from rOpenSci in July 2024 encompass a range of topics, from new software peer review editors and updates to software packages to coworking events and the application of rOpenSci’s packages. The implications of these updates are numerous and extend to a broad field, primarily benefiting R developers and users.
New Software Peer Review Editors
The announcement of Beatriz Milz and Margaret Siple as new Associate Editors for rOpenSci Software Peer Review projects a future where there is an expanded expertise to ensure the robustness of open-source software for scientific research. As these two further contribute their perspectives and skills to the team, we can anticipate more diversified and quality software tools for the open science community.
Advice
For potential software contributors to rOpenSci, ensure your submissions are well-documented and robust. This aids the review process and contributes to the overall quality of the rOpenSci ecosystem.
R-universe Upgrade
The refresh of the R-universe interface suggests an ongoing commitment to improving user experience. Future developments may include additional interface features to facilitate navigation and access to a wealth of R packages.
Advice
Users should take time to familiarize themselves with the new layout and features. For contributors, consider how to optimize package listing and description for improved visibility and user understanding in the new interface.
Community Participation and Events
rOpenSci’s commitment to community engagement is highlighted by the number of events organized and the diversity of topics covered. These include coworking sessions, tutorials, and talks at the useR! 2024 conference. Future developments may entail more sessions geared towards addressing community needs and knowledge gaps.
Advice
Keep an eye on upcoming events and participate actively. Offering feedback and suggestions for new topics could also form part of the community contribution.
Software Updates
The announcement of new packages and updated versions illustrates a continuously evolving software repository. With the inclusion of the osmapiR package, developers and users now have a handy tool for interfacing with the OpenStreetMap API. Expect ongoing evolution of this ecosystem as developers address user needs.
Advice
Stay updated on the latest package updates and consider integrating new and updated packages into your scientific research routines if they fit into your data analysis strategy.
On the Blog
Topics ranging from software reviews, multilingual documentation, community collaborations to the use of social network analysis for managing the digital community are discussed. These resources potentially contribute to improving the understanding and utilization of rOpenSci’s tools.
Advice
Read and engage with rOpenSci’s blog posts to stay informed regarding the latest trends and best practices in the use of R for scientific research.
Concluding Remarks
The long-term implications of these updates from rOpenSci are an increasingly robust and diverse set of open-source tools for scientific research. For potential software contributors, this means a welcoming and supportive infrastructure for producing and refining quality research tools. For users, expect an expanding repertoire of tools tailored to your research needs, paired with the presence of a dynamic and supportive community.
Staying active within the community, whether by contributing code, participating in events, or engaging with blog content, is the best way to maximize the benefits from this evolving ecosystem.