“New AI System MARS-S2L Revolutionizes Global Monitoring of Methane Emissions”

“New AI System MARS-S2L Revolutionizes Global Monitoring of Methane Emissions”

arXiv:2408.04745v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Mitigating methane emissions is the fastest way to stop global warming in the short-term and buy humanity time to decarbonise. Despite the demonstrated ability of remote sensing instruments to detect methane plumes, no system has been available to routinely monitor and act on these events. We present MARS-S2L, an automated AI-driven methane emitter monitoring system for Sentinel-2 and Landsat satellite imagery deployed operationally at the United Nations Environment Programme’s International Methane Emissions Observatory. We compile a global dataset of thousands of super-emission events for training and evaluation, demonstrating that MARS-S2L can skillfully monitor emissions in a diverse range of regions globally, providing a 216% improvement in mean average precision over a current state-of-the-art detection method. Running this system operationally for six months has yielded 457 near-real-time detections in 22 different countries of which 62 have already been used to provide formal notifications to governments and stakeholders.

Mitigating Methane Emissions: The Key to Fighting Global Warming

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that plays a significant role in climate change. While carbon dioxide is the most well-known greenhouse gas, methane is approximately 28 times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere over a 100-year period. Therefore, reducing methane emissions is crucial for mitigating global warming in the short-term and buying humanity time to transition to a decarbonized future.

In a groundbreaking development, a team of researchers has introduced MARS-S2L, an automated AI-driven methane emitter monitoring system. This system, designed for Sentinel-2 and Landsat satellite imagery, is being implemented at the United Nations Environment Programme’s International Methane Emissions Observatory. By leveraging the power of artificial intelligence and remote sensing instruments, MARS-S2L aims to routinely monitor and take action on methane plumes worldwide.

The success of this technological advancement lies in the compilation of a global dataset containing thousands of super-emission events, which has been used for training and evaluation. The researchers demonstrate that MARS-S2L is capable of effectively monitoring methane emissions in diverse regions globally. In fact, the system provides a remarkable 216% improvement in mean average precision compared to the current state-of-the-art detection method.

Over the course of six months of operational deployment, the MARS-S2L system has already made 457 near-real-time detections in 22 different countries. These detections have been instrumental in providing formal notifications to governments and stakeholders, highlighting the urgency for action. This represents a significant step towards greater global awareness and accountability in addressing methane emissions and their impact on climate change.

Multi-disciplinary Nature of the Solution

The development and implementation of the MARS-S2L system involves a multi-disciplinary approach, combining expertise from various fields:

  • Environmental Science: Understanding the impact of methane emissions on climate change and the urgency for mitigation.
  • Data Science and Artificial Intelligence: Designing and training AI models using a global dataset to detect methane plumes in satellite imagery.
  • Remote Sensing: Utilizing satellite imagery and remote sensing instruments to identify and monitor methane emissions.
  • Policy and International Cooperation: Collaborating with the United Nations Environment Programme’s International Methane Emissions Observatory to provide formal notifications and encourage global action.

The multi-disciplinary nature of this solution highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing complex global challenges. By leveraging the expertise and insights from these different fields, the MARS-S2L system has made significant strides in monitoring and mitigating methane emissions, contributing to the broader efforts in combating climate change.

Expert Insight: Methane emissions are a critical piece of the climate change puzzle that often receives less attention compared to carbon dioxide. The introduction of an automated AI-driven monitoring system, such as MARS-S2L, is a game-changer in our ability to detect and track methane plumes globally. By providing near-real-time detections and formal notifications, this technology can facilitate prompt action and accountability from governments and stakeholders. It also highlights the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in finding innovative solutions to urgent environmental challenges.

Source: Mitigating methane emissions: The fastest way to stop global warming in the short-term and buy humanity time to decarbonise. (2024). arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.04745v1.

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rOpenSci News Digest: July 2024

rOpenSci News Digest: July 2024

[This article was first published on rOpenSci – open tools for open science, and kindly contributed to R-bloggers]. (You can report issue about the content on this page here)


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Dear rOpenSci friends, it’s time for our monthly news roundup!

You can read this post on our blog.
Now let’s dive into the activity at and around rOpenSci!

rOpenSci HQ

Announcing New Software Peer Review Editors: Beatriz Milz and Margaret Siple

We are excited to welcome Beatriz Milz and Margaret Siple to our team of Associate Editors for rOpenSci Software Peer Review. They join Laura DeCicco, Julia Gustavsen, Anna Krystalli, Mauro Lepore, Noam Ross, Maëlle Salmon, Emily Riederer, Adam Sparks, and Jeff Hollister.

Meet Beatriz and Margaret in their introduction blog post.
Welcome on board to you both, thank you for your service!

A fresh new look for R-universe!

You might have noticed that R-universe got a big refresh. 🍦
Read all about this big overhaul of the interface.

Resources from the rOpenSci community at useR! 2024

While some video recordings have not yet been posted on the useR! YouTube channel, some slidedecks and materials are already available.

Coworking

Read all about coworking!

Join us for social coworking & office hours monthly on first Tuesdays!
Hosted by Steffi LaZerte and various community hosts.
Everyone welcome.
No RSVP needed.
Consult our Events page to find your local time and how to join.

And remember, you can always cowork independently on work related to R, work on packages that tend to be neglected, or work on what ever you need to get done!

Software 📦

New packages

The following package recently became a part of our software suite:

Discover more packages, read more about Software Peer Review.

New versions

The following nine packages have had an update since the last newsletter: rotemplate (pkgdown-2.0.9), gitignore (v0.1.7), nodbi (v0.10.5), nuts (v1.1.0), occCite (v0.5.7), osmapiR (v0.1.0), phonfieldwork (v0.0.16), taxlist (v0.3.0), and waywiser (v0.6.0).

Software Peer Review

There are eleven recently closed and active submissions and 6 submissions on hold. Issues are at different stages:

Find out more about Software Peer Review and how to get involved.

On the blog

Software Review

Other topics

Use cases

Three use cases of our packages and resources have been reported recently.

Explore other use cases and report your own!

Calls for contributions

Calls for maintainers

If you’re interested in maintaining any of the R packages below, you might enjoy reading our blog post What Does It Mean to Maintain a Package?.

Calls for contributions

Also refer to our help wanted page – before opening a PR, we recommend asking in the issue whether help is still needed.

Package development corner

Some useful tips for R package developers. 👀

Last call: your opinion on the CRAN submission process!

Shared by Lluís Revilla and Heather Turner in our Slack workspace, a crucial survey ending today!

“If you have R package development experience and would like to share your thoughts on the CRAN submission process, please fill this short survey from the CRAN Cookbook project!”

Please find the Google form and read more about the exciting cookbook project in this post by Jasmine Daly.

Robust type-checking with r-lib

Don’t miss this insightful short post by Josiah Parry, “Type safe(r) R code”.
A related older blog post is “Checking the inputs of your R functions” by Hugo Gruson, Sam Abbott, Carl Pearson.

The one with all the useR! links

The useR! 2024 conference featured quite a few talks relevant to package development, beside the talks we mentioned in the HQ section.
Not all recordings are available yet, but make sure to check out the useR! YouTube channel.

If we missed any relevant content, please get in touch so we might add missing pieces to our next newsletter!

Retrospectives

Kurt Hornik and Torsten Hothorn gave keynote talks “More than 25 years of CRAN” (Slides) and “Some things you can’t read from
a NEWS file”
(Slides | Recording) about maintaining a package for decades.

Edzer Pebesma and Roger Bivand reported on “The Retirement of R Packages with Many Reverse Dependencies” (Slides).

On validation of R packages

Coline Zeballos and Yann Féhat from the R Validation Hub discussed how to support (pharma) companies with validation of R Packages (Slides). They use a toolset based on r-hub/repos and the riskmetric package.

Szymon Maksymiuk and Lorenzo Braschi presented a Deep Dive Into Industry R
Package Quality Assessment
. Beside introducing the concepts, they mentioned three open-source R packages that they created: checked for running reverse dependencies checks; covtracer for contextualizing tests using covr test traces; rd2markdown for converting .Rd files into Markdown.

Also on reverse dependencies checks, Pawel Rucki and André Veríssimo presented
{verdepcheck} – A Tool for Dependencies Check (Slides | Package Docs).

Franciszek Walkowiak discussed Systems Integration Tests for R Package Cohorts, including the introductions to two open-source utilities, scribe that creates complete build, check and install reports for a collection of R projects and locksmith that helps with renv.lock creation (Slides).

On good practice

Daniel Sabanés Bové introduced openstatsware’s work on minimal viable good practice standards for R packages.

Pedro Silva listed Seven Deadly Sins Holding You
Back as a Software Developer
(Slides).

Hugo Gruson had a poster on A reproducible analysis of CRAN Task Views to understand the state of an R package ecosystem. See the live analysis.

On learning with silly projects

Fonti Kar shared her experience in creating {ohwhaley} – a ‘toy’ R package which serves as a tool for learning package development and upskilling new learners (Slides).

On package design

Hugo Gruson highlighted the benefits of using S3 classes for interoperability in Existing Software Ecosystems (Slides).
See also his recent blog posts on the topic.

Ligia Adamska used an onion analogy to explain Layered Design for R Package
Development: Meeting the Needs of
Pharmaceutical R&D Stakeholders
(Slides).

On tools

Daphne Grasselly, Franciszek Walkowiak and Pawel Rucki lead a tutorial on Streamlining R package
development with GitHub Actions
Workflows
(Slides).

Emil Hvitfeldt explained how to make better error messages with rlang and cli.

Ella Kaye shared her insights on C for R users (Slides).

Davis Vaughan introduced tree-sitter, an efficient incremental parsing library and the R package treesitter, which provides bindings to tree-sitter whose README states “tree-sitter is useful for a number of things, including syntax highlighting, go-to definition, code reshaping, and more.”

On multilingualism

Elio Campitelli spoke about Building Bilingual Bridges
with Multilingual Manuals
(Slides). See also their post on our blog!

On debugging

Shannon Pileggi delivered a tutorial on debugging in R (Materials).

Antoine Fabri gave an overview of the motivations behind, and features of, his constructive package, which, among other things, can be useful for troubleshooting (Package docs).

On wrapping APIs

Hadley Wickham introduced and demo-ed his httr2 package (Package docs).

Simon Haller explained the Automated Generation
of R Client Packages for RESTful APIs
(Slides). See also Jon Harmon’s work on the same topic.

On a last resort for archived CRAN packages

Henrik Bengtsson and Lluís Revilla had a poster about their CRANhaven project, a backup solution for end-users when a package falls of CRAN (and which is built using R-universe!).

Last words

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Continue reading: rOpenSci News Digest, July 2024

Analysis of rOpenSci’s Monthly Updates

The updates from rOpenSci in July 2024 encompass a range of topics, from new software peer review editors and updates to software packages to coworking events and the application of rOpenSci’s packages. The implications of these updates are numerous and extend to a broad field, primarily benefiting R developers and users.

New Software Peer Review Editors

The announcement of Beatriz Milz and Margaret Siple as new Associate Editors for rOpenSci Software Peer Review projects a future where there is an expanded expertise to ensure the robustness of open-source software for scientific research. As these two further contribute their perspectives and skills to the team, we can anticipate more diversified and quality software tools for the open science community.

Advice

For potential software contributors to rOpenSci, ensure your submissions are well-documented and robust. This aids the review process and contributes to the overall quality of the rOpenSci ecosystem.

R-universe Upgrade

The refresh of the R-universe interface suggests an ongoing commitment to improving user experience. Future developments may include additional interface features to facilitate navigation and access to a wealth of R packages.

Advice

Users should take time to familiarize themselves with the new layout and features. For contributors, consider how to optimize package listing and description for improved visibility and user understanding in the new interface.

Community Participation and Events

rOpenSci’s commitment to community engagement is highlighted by the number of events organized and the diversity of topics covered. These include coworking sessions, tutorials, and talks at the useR! 2024 conference. Future developments may entail more sessions geared towards addressing community needs and knowledge gaps.

Advice

Keep an eye on upcoming events and participate actively. Offering feedback and suggestions for new topics could also form part of the community contribution.

Software Updates

The announcement of new packages and updated versions illustrates a continuously evolving software repository. With the inclusion of the osmapiR package, developers and users now have a handy tool for interfacing with the OpenStreetMap API. Expect ongoing evolution of this ecosystem as developers address user needs.

Advice

Stay updated on the latest package updates and consider integrating new and updated packages into your scientific research routines if they fit into your data analysis strategy.

On the Blog

Topics ranging from software reviews, multilingual documentation, community collaborations to the use of social network analysis for managing the digital community are discussed. These resources potentially contribute to improving the understanding and utilization of rOpenSci’s tools.

Advice

Read and engage with rOpenSci’s blog posts to stay informed regarding the latest trends and best practices in the use of R for scientific research.

Concluding Remarks

The long-term implications of these updates from rOpenSci are an increasingly robust and diverse set of open-source tools for scientific research. For potential software contributors, this means a welcoming and supportive infrastructure for producing and refining quality research tools. For users, expect an expanding repertoire of tools tailored to your research needs, paired with the presence of a dynamic and supportive community.

Staying active within the community, whether by contributing code, participating in events, or engaging with blog content, is the best way to maximize the benefits from this evolving ecosystem.

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“Smartphone Fire Predictions: Saving Forests and Lives”

“Smartphone Fire Predictions: Saving Forests and Lives”

Smartphone Fire Predictions: Saving Forests and Lives

Fire predictions pushed to locals’ smartphones could save forests, and lives, say researchers

Ensuring the safety of forests and the lives of people living in fire-prone areas has become increasingly important in recent years. Climate change and human encroachment into natural habitats have raised the risk of wildfires, making it crucial to develop effective strategies for preventing and managing these disasters. Researchers have now proposed a novel approach that utilizes smartphones to push fire predictions to locals, potentially revolutionizing the way we combat forest fires and ultimately saving lives.

The Power of Predictive Technology

Predicting where and when a fire will occur is a complex task, requiring a combination of meteorological data, satellite imagery, and on-the-ground observations. Traditional methods of disseminating fire predictions typically involve official channels such as websites or emergency services, but these often fail to reach the people who need them most in a timely manner.

The proposed solution is to leverage the prevalence of smartphones in today’s society, turning them into powerful tools for instant fire prediction dissemination. By developing user-friendly apps that can access relevant data from meteorological agencies, satellites, and fire monitoring stations, individuals living in fire-prone areas can receive real-time updates and alerts regarding potential fire risks.

Potential Future Trends

If implemented successfully, this smartphone-based fire prediction system could have several significant future trends:

  1. Improved Fire Preparedness: By providing instant fire predictions directly to locals, individuals can proactively take steps to safeguard themselves and their properties. This can include actions such as clearing dry vegetation, preparing evacuation plans, or ensuring fire extinguishing equipment is readily available. Overall, this can contribute to the collective effort of fire prevention and preparedness.
  2. Enhanced Early Warning Systems: Traditional early warning systems can be limited in their coverage and accessibility. Smartphone apps that deliver fire predictions can bridge this gap, reaching a wider audience in a shorter period. This could be particularly advantageous for remote or rural areas where official warnings might take longer to reach or may not be prioritized.
  3. Data-Driven Fire Management: Gathering data from smartphone apps can provide invaluable insights into fire patterns, behavior, and geographical hotspots. By consolidating this crowd-sourced information, fire management agencies can make more informed decisions about resource allocation, organizing firefighting efforts, and implementing preventative measures.
  4. Collaborative Citizen Science: Engaging the public through smartphone apps can foster a sense of community involvement in fire prevention. Local residents can contribute their observations, photos, and information about potential fire risks, creating a network of citizen scientists. This collective data can significantly supplement official data sources and improve overall fire prediction accuracy.
  5. Smartphone Technology Advancements: As smartphones continue to advance with better sensors, increased computational power, and improved connectivity, the capabilities for fire prediction apps will also expand. Future enhancements may include the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for more accurate predictions, augmented reality features for real-time fire visualization, or even the utilization of drones for on-the-ground situational awareness.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The potential of smartphone-based fire predictions is immense, offering a new frontier in combatting wildfires and protecting lives. For this technology to reach its full potential, cooperation between researchers, governments, and technology companies is crucial. Further development of user-friendly apps, integration of multiple data sources, and continuous improvement of prediction algorithms are essential steps to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of this system.

Additionally, public awareness campaigns and incentives should be implemented to encourage widespread adoption of fire prediction apps and ensure maximum participation from local communities. Governments should allocate resources for necessary infrastructure, such as reliable mobile networks in remote areas, to ensure equitable access to this technology.

In conclusion, the future of fire prediction lies in the palm of our hands. By harnessing the power of smartphones and leveraging real-time data, we can create a more proactive and community-driven approach to fire prevention, ultimately saving forests and lives.

Reference: Nature, Published online: 14 June 2024; doi:10.1038/d41586-024-01758-2