The visible universe is filled with different types of plasma media in the
form of stars, nebulas and other forms of excited gases. These matter fields
have a high influence on the gravity and are likely to be present around the
black holes due to the immense gravitational attraction. Since a plasma medium
affects the speed of light, therefore we investigated the null geodesics and
various optical features around the rotating black hole in Kalb-Ramond gravity
immersed in plasma medium. Various plasma distributions are considered to
develop a comparative study for their influence on unstable null circular
orbits, shadows and evaporation rate of the black hole in the presence of a
plasma medium. Moreover, the shadow results are also compared with Event
Horizon Telescope data for M78* and Sgr A* in order to estimate the parametric
bounds for which the rotating black hole in Kalb-Ramond gravity is considered
either M87* or Sgr A* under the different values of plasma parameters. From
this analysis, we also found the distribution of plasma that has a significant
impact on the above mentioned features and is most likely to be present around
M87* and Sgr A*.

The Influence of Plasma Medium on the Rotating Black Hole in Kalb-Ramond Gravity

The visible universe is filled with various types of plasma media, such as stars, nebulas, and excited gases. These matter fields have a strong gravitational attraction, which is likely to be present around black holes. The presence of a plasma medium affects the speed of light, leading us to investigate the null geodesics and optical features near rotating black holes in Kalb-Ramond gravity immersed in a plasma medium.

Our study involves considering different plasma distributions in order to compare their influence on unstable null circular orbits, shadows, and the evaporation rate of the black hole. To determine the parametric bounds for which the rotating black hole in Kalb-Ramond gravity is considered either M87* or Sgr A*, we compare our shadow results with data from the Event Horizon Telescope for M78* and Sgr A*.

From our analysis, we conclude that the distribution of plasma has a significant impact on the above-mentioned features and is most likely to be present around M87* and Sgr A*. These findings suggest that the plasma medium plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of black holes in Kalb-Ramond gravity.

Roadmap for Future Research

Continuing research in this field holds many challenges and opportunities. Here is a roadmap for future studies:

  1. Study Different Plasma Distributions: Further investigate the influence of various plasma distributions on unstable null circular orbits, shadows, and the evaporation rate of rotating black holes. Comparisons with observational data will help refine our understanding.
  2. Explore Effects on Gravity: Investigate in more detail how plasma media affects the gravitational field around black holes. This will provide insights into the behavior of these cosmic phenomena.
  3. Extending Analysis to Other Black Holes: Apply the findings to other known black holes apart from M87* and Sgr A*. This will help determine if the observed effects are unique to these specific black holes.
  4. Consider Additional Gravitational Theories: Extend the study to explore the influence of plasma on rotating black holes in other gravitational theories apart from Kalb-Ramond gravity. Comparisons with different theories could provide further insights.
  5. Explore Plasma Generation Mechanisms: Investigate the mechanisms responsible for the generation and distribution of plasma around black holes. This will aid in understanding the origin and nature of plasma media in the universe.
  6. Utilize Advanced Observational Techniques: Make use of advanced observational techniques, such as improved telescopes and data analysis methods, to gather more precise data on shadows and other optical features around black holes.

By addressing these challenges and opportunities, future research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the influence of plasma medium on rotating black holes and further our knowledge of these enigmatic cosmic entities.

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